MLA+review

ENC1101 Modern Language Association Review As previously stated during the course, please use the //A Pocket Style Manual//, 5th ed. as a guide. The handbook includes MLA, APA, and Chicago documentation models, tips on how to create a strong thesis, and rules on paraphrasing, summarizing, and citing. **__How to cite in MLA format __** 1. The source is introduced by a signal phrase that names its author. 2. The material being cited is followed by a page number in parentheses. 3. At the end of the paper, a list of works cited (arranged alphabetically by the authors’ last names) gives complete publication information about the source. (Hacker 107).

Legal scholar Jay Kesan points out that the law hold employers liable for employees’ actions such as violations of copyright laws, the distribution of offensive or graphic sexual material, and illegal disclosure of confidential information (312). Work Cited Kesan, Jay P. “Cyber-Working or Cyber-Shirking? A First Principles Examination of Electronic Privacy in the Workplace.” //Florida Law Review// 54.2 (2002): 289-332. Print.

If the author is not introduced, his/her last name should be in parentheses at the end of the sentence, along with the page number.

Since employers cannot control their employees’ every move, it is absurd for them to be held legally responsible for “actions such as violations of copyright laws, the distribution of offensive or graphic sexual material, and illegal disclosure of confidential information” (Kesan 312).

Look closely at the parenthetical citation: (Kesan 312). -punctuation outside of parentheses <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-no comma separating author’s last name and page number <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-no “p.” or “pg.” or “page” in parentheses <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-quotation marks end before parentheses start <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">-If the source does not have an author, use the title (or a keyword from the title). For example, if Jay Kesan was not listed, you would cite (“Cyber-Working” 312). Make sure to keep the title in the appropriate format. Since this is an article it should be in quotation marks.

**__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ellipsis mark __** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">“To condense a quoted passage, you can use the ellipsis mark (three periods, with spaces between) to indicate that you have omitted words. What remains must be grammatically complete.” (Hacker 110).

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Lane acknowledges the legitimate reasons that many companies have for monitoring their employees’ online activities, particularly management’s concern about preventing “the theft of information that one be downloaded to a. . . disk, e-mailed to oneself. . ., or even posted to a Web page for the entire world to see” (12). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">(The writer has omitted from the source the words //floppy or Zip// before //disk// and //or a confederate// after //oneself.//)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">“If you want to omit a full sentence, use a period before the three ellipsis dots.” (Hacker 111). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Charles Lewis, director of the Central for Public Integrity, points out that “by 1987, employers were administering nearly 2,000,000 polygraph tests a year to job applicants and employees. . . . Millions of workers were required to produce urine samples under observation for drug testing. . .” (22).

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Ordinarily, do not use an ellipsis mark at the beginning or at the end of a quotation. Your readers wills understand that the quoted material is taken from a longer passage. The only exception occurs when words have been dropped at the end of the final quoted sentence. In such cases, put three ellipsis dots before the closing quotation mark and parenthetical references, as in the previous example. **__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Brackets __** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">“Brackets allow you to insert your own words into quoted material—to explain a confusing reference or to keep a sentence grammatical in your context.” (Hacker 111). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Legal scholar Jay Kesan notes that “a decade ago, losses [from employees’ computer crimes] were already mounting to five billion dollars annually” (311). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">“To indicate an error such as a misspelling, insert [sic] right after the error.” (Hacker 111). **__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Setting off long quotations __** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">“When you quote more than four typed lines of prose or more than three lines of poetry, set off the quotation by indenting it one inch (or ten spaces) from the left margin. . . . Quotation marks are unnecessary because the indented format tells readers that the language is taken word-for-word from the source. . . . the parenthetical citation goes outside the final punctuation mark.” (111-2).

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 27pt;">Ordinarily, do not use an ellipsis mark at the beginning or at the end of a quotation. Your readers wills understand that the quoted material is taken from a longer passage. The only exception occurs when words have been dropped at the end of the final quoted sentence. In such cases, put three ellipsis dots before the closing quotation mark and parenthetical references, as in the previous example. (Hacker 111). **__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Indirect Source __**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> (source quoted in another source) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">“When a writer’s or a speaker’s quoted words appear in a source written by someone else, begin the parenthetical citation with the abbreviation “qtd. In.” <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Researchers Botan and McCreadie point out that “workers are objects of information collection without participating in the process of exchanging the information. . .” (qtd. In Kizza and Ssanyu 14). **__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Formatting __** //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Books // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">“Short Stories” //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Newspaper //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> or //Magazine// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">“Article” <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Either italics or quotation marks; NEVER BOTH

**__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Plagiarism __** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">1. Failing to cite quotations and borrowed ideas <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">2. Failing to enclose borrowed language in quotation marks <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">3. Failing to put summaries and paraphrases in your own words <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.25in;">(Hacker 107).

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 5pt;">In order to communicate effectively with other people, one must have a reasonably accurate idea of what they do and do not know that is pertinent to the communication. Treating people as though they have knowledge that they do not have can result in miscommunication and perhaps embarrassment. On the other hand, a fundamental rule of conversation, at least according to a Gricean view, is that one generally does not convey to others information that one can assume they already have. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">Works Cited <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Nickerson, Raymond S. “How We Know-and Sometimes Misjudge-What Others Know: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">Imputing One's Own Knowledge to Others." //Psychological Bulletin// 125.6 (1999): 737. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">Print.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 5pt;">Example: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 5pt;">For effective communication, it is necessary to have a fairly accurate idea of what our listeners know or do not know that is pertinent to the communication. If we assume that people know something they do not, then miscommunication and perhaps embarrassment may result (Nickerson 737).

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 5pt;">Is this plagiarized? Why or why not?

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Example: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 5pt;">Nickerson suggests that effective communication depends on a generally accurate knowledge of what the audience knows. If a speaker assumes too much knowledge about the subject, the audience will either misunderstand or be bewildered; however, assuming too little knowledge among those in the audience may cause them to feel patronized (737).

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 5pt;">Is this plagiarized? Why or why not?